The Safavid Dynasty was a significant ruling dynasty in Persia, now modern-day Iran, that lasted from 1501 to 1736. Founded by Shah Ismail I, it established Shia Islam as the state religion, which played a crucial role in shaping Iranian identity. The dynasty is known for its cultural achievements, including advancements in art, architecture, and philosophy. Under the Safavids, Persia experienced a period of economic growth and political stability. The capital, Isfahan, became a center of trade and culture, showcasing stunning architecture like the Shah Mosque. The dynasty eventually declined due to internal strife and external pressures, leading to its fall in the early 18th century.