African horse sickness virus (AHSV) is a viral pathogen that primarily affects horses, donkeys, and mules. It is transmitted by biting midges, particularly those in the genus Culicoides. The virus can cause severe respiratory and cardiovascular disease, leading to high mortality rates in infected animals. AHSV is endemic in many parts of Africa and can pose a significant threat to equine populations. Vaccination is available to help control outbreaks, but the virus can still spread rapidly, especially in regions where horses are not routinely vaccinated. Effective management and surveillance are essential to prevent its spread.