African civilization encompasses a rich tapestry of cultures, languages, and histories across the continent. It includes ancient societies such as the Egyptians, known for their monumental architecture and writing systems, and the Nubians, who developed advanced metallurgy and trade networks. Throughout history, various empires like the Mali Empire and the Songhai Empire thrived, contributing to advancements in education, commerce, and the arts. These civilizations fostered significant achievements in areas such as mathematics, astronomy, and literature, influencing both regional and global development.