African Trypanosomiasis, also known as sleeping sickness, is a parasitic disease caused by the Trypanosoma parasite, transmitted to humans through the bite of infected tsetse flies. There are two forms of the disease: Trypanosoma brucei gambiense, which is more common and found in West and Central Africa, and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, found in East Africa. Symptoms include fever, headaches, joint pains, and itching, progressing to neurological issues if untreated. Diagnosis is made through blood tests, and treatment varies depending on the disease stage. Prevention focuses on controlling tsetse fly populations and avoiding bites.