Africa is the second-largest continent, covering about 30.2 million square kilometers. It is home to 54 countries, with diverse landscapes that include deserts like the Sahara, rainforests in the Congo Basin, and savannas such as the Serengeti. Major rivers, including the Nile and Zambezi, play crucial roles in the continent's ecology and economy. The continent is rich in natural resources, including minerals and oil, which contribute to its economies. Africa's climate varies widely, from tropical in the central regions to arid in the north and south. This diversity supports a wide range of wildlife and ecosystems, making it a unique geographical area.