Afghanistan-Pakistan relations have been shaped by historical, political, and security factors. Both countries share a long border and have complex ties influenced by ethnic groups, such as the Pashtuns, who live on both sides. Issues like border disputes and the presence of militant groups have often strained their relationship. In recent years, the situation has been further complicated by the rise of the Taliban in Afghanistan and concerns over cross-border terrorism. Both nations have engaged in dialogue to address these challenges, but mutual distrust and differing national interests continue to hinder cooperation and stability in the region.