Adaptive hardware refers to devices or components that can change their functionality or performance based on varying conditions or user needs. This technology allows systems to optimize their operations, improving efficiency and effectiveness. Examples include field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and adaptive antennas, which can adjust their configurations in real-time. The primary advantage of adaptive hardware is its flexibility, enabling it to perform multiple tasks without needing separate components for each function. This adaptability is particularly useful in areas like telecommunications and automotive systems, where requirements can change rapidly, allowing for enhanced performance and resource management.