Field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) are integrated circuits that can be configured by the user after manufacturing. This flexibility allows engineers to design custom hardware for specific applications, such as digital signal processing, telecommunications, and embedded systems. FPGAs consist of an array of programmable logic blocks and interconnects, enabling users to create complex circuits without the need for custom chips. FPGAs are popular in various industries due to their adaptability and reusability. They can be reprogrammed multiple times, making them ideal for prototyping and iterative design. Additionally, FPGAs often provide faster performance compared to general-purpose processors for specific tasks, enhancing efficiency in applications like machine learning and image processing.