Hardware refers to the physical components of a computer system, including everything from the central processing unit (CPU) to the various peripherals that enhance functionality. These components work together to perform tasks and execute programs, making them essential for any computing environment. In addition to internal components like motherboards and graphics cards, hardware also encompasses external devices such as keyboards, mice, and printers. Understanding hardware is crucial for troubleshooting, upgrading, and optimizing computer performance, as each piece plays a vital role in the overall system's efficiency.