Abu Hamid al-Ghazali was a prominent Islamic philosopher, theologian, and mystic born in 1058 in Persia. He is best known for his works that sought to reconcile Islamic theology with philosophy, particularly in his influential book, The Incoherence of the Philosophers. Al-Ghazali argued against the excessive reliance on reason in understanding faith and emphasized the importance of spiritual experience. Throughout his life, al-Ghazali held various academic positions, including a professorship at the Nizamiyya school in Baghdad. His writings significantly impacted Islamic thought and Sufism, leading to a revival of mystical practices within Islam. He passed away in 1111, leaving a lasting legacy in both philosophy and spirituality.