The 9th century, spanning from the year 801 to 900, was a significant period in medieval history. It saw the rise of powerful kingdoms in Europe, such as the Carolingian Empire, which was established by Charlemagne. This era was marked by cultural and political changes, including the spread of Christianity and the development of feudalism. In Asia, the 9th century was notable for the Tang Dynasty in China, which experienced a flourishing of arts and trade. The period also witnessed the emergence of the Islamic Golden Age, characterized by advancements in science, mathematics, and philosophy across the Abbasid Caliphate.