The 80S ribosome is a type of ribosome found in eukaryotic cells, which include organisms like plants, animals, and fungi. It is composed of two subunits: a large 60S subunit and a small 40S subunit. These subunits work together to synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into amino acid sequences. Ribosomes, including the 80S ribosome, are essential for cellular function, as they play a crucial role in the process of translation. During translation, the ribosome reads the mRNA and assembles amino acids in the correct order to form proteins, which are vital for various biological processes.