The 60S subunit is one of the two main components of a eukaryotic ribosome, which is essential for protein synthesis in cells. It is larger than the 40S subunit, and together they form the complete ribosome. The 60S subunit is composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins, playing a crucial role in translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into polypeptides. During the process of translation, the 60S subunit facilitates the binding of transfer RNA (tRNA) to the mRNA, ensuring that the correct amino acids are added to the growing protein chain. This subunit is vital for the ribosome's function, contributing to the overall efficiency and accuracy of protein production in living organisms.