The 80S ribosome is a type of ribosome found in eukaryotic cells, which include organisms like plants, animals, and fungi. It is composed of two subunits: a larger 60S subunit and a smaller 40S subunit. These subunits work together to synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into amino acid sequences. Ribosomes, including the 80S ribosome, play a crucial role in the process of translation, where the genetic code carried by mRNA is read to produce proteins. The 80S ribosome is essential for cellular function and is involved in various biological processes, including growth and repair.