The 20th century was marked by significant events that shaped the modern world. It began with the aftermath of the Industrial Revolution, leading to rapid technological advancements and urbanization. Major conflicts, such as World War I and World War II, had profound impacts on global politics and society, resulting in the rise and fall of empires and the establishment of new nations. The century also saw the emergence of powerful ideologies, including communism and fascism, which influenced many countries. The Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union defined international relations for decades, while movements for civil rights and decolonization transformed societies around the globe.