Nineteenth-century England was a time of significant change and development, marked by the Industrial Revolution. This period saw the rise of factories, urbanization, and advancements in technology, which transformed the economy and society. Many people moved from rural areas to cities in search of work, leading to the growth of urban centers like Manchester and Birmingham. Socially, this era was characterized by a strict class system, with the Victorian Era highlighting both wealth and poverty. Reforms began to emerge, addressing issues such as child labor and education. Prominent figures like Charles Dickens brought attention to social injustices through their literature, influencing public opinion and policy.