The 19th century in England was marked by significant social, political, and economic changes. This period saw the rise of the Industrial Revolution, which transformed the country from an agrarian society to an industrial powerhouse. Cities grew rapidly as people moved from rural areas to work in factories, leading to urbanization and changes in living conditions. During this time, important reforms took place, including the expansion of the British Empire and the introduction of social reforms aimed at improving workers' rights. The century also witnessed the emergence of influential figures such as Charles Dickens and Queen Victoria, who played key roles in shaping the culture and politics of the era.