The 19th century was marked by a series of significant revolutions that transformed societies across the globe. Key events included the French Revolution of 1789, which inspired movements for democracy and national independence, and the Industrial Revolution, which changed economies and social structures. These revolutions often sought to challenge existing monarchies and promote ideas of liberty, equality, and fraternity. In addition to the French Revolution, notable uprisings included the Haitian Revolution, which led to the first successful slave revolt, and the Revolutions of 1848 in Europe, where various nations sought political reform. These movements collectively contributed to the rise of nationalism and the spread of democratic ideals.