The 19th century was marked by numerous revolts across Europe and the Americas, driven by demands for political reform, social justice, and national independence. Notable uprisings included the French Revolution of 1848, which inspired a wave of revolutions in countries like Germany, Italy, and Austria. These movements often sought to challenge monarchies and promote democratic ideals. In Latin America, revolts against colonial rule led to the independence of several nations. Figures such as Simón Bolívar and José de San Martín played crucial roles in liberating countries from Spanish control. These revolts significantly reshaped political landscapes and laid the groundwork for modern nation-states.