In the 1970s, Brazil experienced significant economic growth known as the Brazilian Miracle. This period was marked by rapid industrialization and urbanization, leading to increased foreign investment and infrastructure development. However, this growth often came at the cost of social inequality and environmental degradation. Politically, Brazil was under a military dictatorship that began in 1964 and lasted until 1985. The regime suppressed dissent and limited civil liberties, leading to widespread human rights abuses. Despite this, the decade also saw the rise of cultural movements, including the popularity of Tropicália in music and Cinema Novo in film, which challenged the status quo.