The 19세기, or the 19th century, spanned from 1801 to 1900. It was a time of significant change and development in many parts of the world. The century saw the rise of the Industrial Revolution, which transformed economies from agrarian to industrial. This period also witnessed major political movements, including the spread of democracy and the fight for women's rights. In addition to economic and political changes, the 19세기 was marked by cultural advancements. The Romanticism movement emerged in literature and art, emphasizing emotion and individualism. Scientific discoveries, such as those by Charles Darwin, also shaped modern thought, influencing how people understood nature and humanity.