청나라, or the Qing Dynasty, was the last imperial dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912. It was established by the Manchu people, who conquered the Ming Dynasty. The Qing Dynasty expanded China's territory significantly, incorporating regions like Tibet, Xinjiang, and Mongolia. During its reign, the Qing Dynasty experienced cultural flourishing and economic growth, but it also faced internal strife and external pressures. The Opium Wars and the Taiping Rebellion were significant events that challenged its authority. Ultimately, the dynasty fell in 1912, leading to the establishment of the Republic of China.