The 江戸時代 (Edo period) lasted from 1603 to 1868 in Japan. It was marked by the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate, which established a stable and peaceful society. During this time, Japan experienced significant economic growth, urbanization, and cultural development, leading to the rise of a vibrant merchant class. The period is also known for its strict social hierarchy, with the samurai at the top, followed by farmers, artisans, and merchants. The Edo city, now known as Tokyo, became the political center, while traditional arts like kabuki theater and ukiyo-e woodblock prints flourished.