The وکٹورین دور (Victorian Era) refers to the period of Queen Victoria's reign over the United Kingdom from 1837 to 1901. This era is characterized by significant industrial, cultural, political, scientific, and military changes. The Industrial Revolution transformed economies from agrarian to industrial, leading to urbanization and the rise of factories. During the Victorian Era, there was a strong emphasis on morality, family values, and social reform. Literature flourished with notable authors like Charles Dickens and George Eliot, while advancements in technology, such as the steam engine and telegraph, revolutionized communication and transportation.