Чернозем is a type of fertile soil found primarily in Eastern Europe and Russia. It is characterized by its dark color, which comes from a high organic matter content. This soil is rich in nutrients, making it ideal for agriculture, particularly for growing crops like wheat and corn. The formation of чернозем occurs over thousands of years, influenced by the region's climate and vegetation. It typically develops in areas with grasslands, where decaying plant material contributes to its nutrient-rich composition. This soil type is crucial for sustaining agricultural productivity in many regions.