Soil is classified into several types based on its texture, composition, and drainage properties. The main types include sand, silt, clay, and loam. Sand has large particles, allowing for good drainage but low nutrient retention. Silt has smaller particles, providing better fertility and moisture retention. Clay consists of very fine particles, which can hold water but may drain poorly. Loam is a balanced mixture of sand, silt, and clay, making it ideal for gardening and agriculture due to its ability to retain moisture while providing good drainage. Each soil type supports different types of vegetation and affects how water and nutrients are absorbed.