"Ближневосточной" refers to the region known as the Middle East, which encompasses countries in Southwest Asia and parts of North Africa. This area is characterized by its diverse cultures, languages, and religions, including Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. The region has a rich history, being home to some of the world's earliest civilizations. The Middle East is also significant for its geopolitical importance and natural resources, particularly oil. Major countries in this region include Saudi Arabia, Iran, Israel, and Egypt. The area has been the center of various historical conflicts and continues to play a crucial role in global politics and economics.