Geology is the scientific study of the Earth, its structure, composition, and the processes that shape it over time. This field examines rocks, minerals, and fossils to understand the planet's history and the forces that have influenced its development, such as volcanoes, earthquakes, and plate tectonics. Geologists use various methods, including field studies and laboratory analysis, to gather data about the Earth's materials and processes. Their work helps us understand natural resources, environmental changes, and the risks associated with natural disasters, contributing to fields like environmental science and civil engineering.