French history is marked by significant events and transformations, beginning with the establishment of the Frankish Kingdom in the 5th century. Over the centuries, France evolved through the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, and the Age of Enlightenment, leading to the rise of powerful monarchs and cultural achievements. The French Revolution in 1789 was a pivotal moment, overthrowing the monarchy and establishing a republic. This period inspired democratic movements worldwide. France later experienced the rise and fall of Napoleon Bonaparte, colonial expansion, and two world wars, shaping its modern identity as a key player in global affairs.