The Earl of Ilay is a title in the peerage of Scotland, created in 1701. It is associated with the House of Campbell, a prominent Scottish family. The title has been held by various members of the Campbell family, often linked to significant political and social roles in Scotland's history. The first holder of the title was John Campbell, who was also the 2nd Duke of Argyll. The title has been passed down through generations, and while it is not currently active, it remains an important part of Scottish nobility and heritage.