The Duchy of Anhalt was a historical territory located in central Germany. It emerged in the 12th century and was part of the Holy Roman Empire. The duchy was divided into several smaller principalities, including Anhalt-Bernburg, Anhalt-Dessau, and Anhalt-Köthen, each ruled by different branches of the House of Ascania. The duchy played a significant role in regional politics and culture during the Middle Ages and the early modern period. It was known for its contributions to the arts and education, particularly in the city of Dessau, which became a center for Enlightenment thought and innovation.