The Duchy of Saxony was a historical region in what is now northern Germany. Established in the early Middle Ages, it became a significant political entity within the Holy Roman Empire. The duchy was known for its rich culture and economic activities, particularly in agriculture and trade. Throughout its history, the Duchy of Saxony was ruled by various noble families, including the Wettin dynasty. It played a crucial role in the formation of modern Germany and was involved in several key events, such as the Saxony Wars and the Reformation, which shaped the region's religious landscape.