The Duchy of Anhalt was a historical territory in central Germany, part of the larger region of Saxony. Established in the 14th century, it was ruled by the House of Ascania and later became a principality. The duchy was known for its small size and fragmented nature, consisting of several smaller principalities, including Anhalt-Bernburg, Anhalt-Dessau, and Anhalt-Köthen. Throughout its history, the Duchy of Anhalt played a significant role in the political landscape of Germany. It was involved in various alliances and conflicts, particularly during the Holy Roman Empire period. The duchy eventually became part of the German Empire in the 19th century, contributing to the cultural and political development of the region.