The Angolan independence movement was a struggle for independence from Portuguese colonial rule that began in the early 1960s. Various groups, including the MPLA (People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola), FNLA (National Front for the Liberation of Angola), and UNITA (National Union for the Total Independence of Angola), emerged to fight for national sovereignty. The movement gained momentum through guerrilla warfare and international support. After years of conflict, Angola achieved independence on November 11, 1975. However, the end of colonial rule led to a civil war among the competing factions, which lasted until 2002. The independence movement significantly shaped Angola's political landscape and national identity.