The Angolan independence movement emerged in the mid-20th century as a response to Portuguese colonial rule in Angola. Various nationalist groups, including the MPLA, FNLA, and UNITA, sought to end colonialism and establish an independent nation. The movement gained momentum in the 1960s, leading to armed conflict and international support for the independence cause. On November 11, 1975, Angola officially gained independence from Portugal. However, the struggle did not end there, as civil war erupted between rival factions, leading to decades of conflict. The independence movement laid the foundation for Angola's political landscape and ongoing challenges.