犹太教 is one of the oldest monotheistic religions, originating over 3,000 years ago in the ancient Near East. It is based on the belief in one God and follows the teachings found in the 希伯来圣经, particularly the 摩西五经. Central to 犹太教 is the concept of a covenant between God and the 以色列人, which emphasizes ethical conduct, community, and the importance of following religious laws. Key practices include observing the 安息日 (Sabbath), dietary laws known as 洁食法, and celebrating various religious festivals such as 逾越节 (Passover).