フリードリヒ・ニーチェ was a German philosopher, cultural critic, and poet, born on October 15, 1844. He is best known for his ideas on morality, religion, and the concept of the "Übermensch" or "Overman." Nietzsche's works, such as ツァラトゥストラはかく語りき (Thus Spoke Zarathustra), challenge traditional values and promote individualism and self-overcoming. Nietzsche's philosophy often critiques キリスト教 and explores themes of nihilism and the will to power. He believed that life should be embraced in its chaos and complexity, encouraging people to create their own values. He passed away on August 25, 1900, leaving a lasting impact on modern philosophy and literature.