Jean-Paul Sartre was a French philosopher, playwright, and novelist, born on June 21, 1905, in Paris. He is best known for his contributions to existentialism, a philosophical movement that emphasizes individual freedom and choice. Sartre's most famous works include the novel Nausea and the play No Exit, where he explores themes of existence, freedom, and the human condition. In addition to his literary achievements, Sartre was also a political activist. He was involved in various social and political causes, including anti-colonial movements and Marxism. Sartre declined the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1964, stating that he did not want to be institutionalized. He passed away on April 15, 1980.