Xerostomia, commonly known as dry mouth, occurs when the salivary glands do not produce enough saliva. This condition can lead to difficulties in speaking, swallowing, and tasting food. It may also increase the risk of dental issues, such as cavities and gum disease, due to reduced saliva's protective effects. Several factors can contribute to xerostomia, including certain medications, medical conditions like diabetes, and treatments such as radiation therapy for cancer. Maintaining hydration and using saliva substitutes can help manage the symptoms, but it is essential to consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and treatment options.