Wire gauge refers to the measurement of the diameter of a wire, which affects its electrical resistance and current-carrying capacity. The gauge number is inversely related to the wire's thickness; a smaller gauge number indicates a thicker wire. For example, a 10-gauge wire is thicker than a 20-gauge wire. Different applications require specific wire gauges to ensure safety and efficiency. For instance, household electrical systems typically use 12-gauge or 14-gauge wires, while smaller electronics may use much thinner wires, such as 24-gauge. Choosing the correct wire gauge is essential for preventing overheating and ensuring proper function.