Waveguides are structures that guide electromagnetic waves, such as light or radio signals, from one point to another. They are typically made of materials like glass or metal and come in various shapes, including rectangular and cylindrical. By confining the waves within these structures, waveguides can efficiently transmit signals over long distances with minimal loss. In telecommunications, waveguides play a crucial role in connecting devices and transmitting data. For example, in fiber optic systems, optical fibers act as waveguides for light signals, allowing high-speed internet and clear communication. This technology is essential for modern connectivity and information transfer.