Fiber optics is a technology that uses thin strands of glass or plastic, known as optical fibers, to transmit data as light signals. This method allows for high-speed data transmission over long distances with minimal loss of signal quality, making it essential for modern telecommunications networks. The core principle behind fiber optics is total internal reflection, which enables light to travel through the fibers even when they are bent. This technology is widely used in internet connections, cable television, and medical instruments, revolutionizing how we communicate and access information.