Wavefront sensing is a technique used to measure the shape and quality of light waves as they travel through space. It helps in identifying distortions in the wavefront, which can occur due to atmospheric turbulence or imperfections in optical systems. By analyzing these distortions, scientists and engineers can improve the performance of telescopes, cameras, and other optical devices. This method often employs devices like Hartmann sensors or Shack-Hartmann sensors, which break the incoming wavefront into smaller segments. Each segment's deviation from a perfect wavefront is measured, allowing for precise corrections to be made, enhancing image clarity and overall optical performance.