Hartmann sensors are optical devices used to measure wavefront distortions in light. They work by projecting a grid of spots onto a surface, which helps to analyze how the light wavefront deviates from a perfect shape. This information is crucial in applications like adaptive optics, where correcting distortions improves image quality in telescopes and other optical systems. These sensors are commonly used in astronomy, laser systems, and even in ophthalmology to assess the quality of vision. By providing precise measurements of wavefront errors, Hartmann sensors enable better performance in various optical technologies, enhancing both research and practical applications.