Drilling fluids, also known as drilling muds, are essential for the drilling process in the oil and gas industry. They serve multiple purposes, including cooling and lubricating the drill bit, removing rock cuttings from the wellbore, and maintaining pressure to prevent blowouts. These fluids can be water-based, oil-based, or synthetic, depending on the specific requirements of the drilling operation. The composition of drilling fluids is carefully designed to optimize performance and safety. Key components include bentonite clay for viscosity, barite for weight, and various additives to control properties like pH and filtration. Proper management of drilling fluids is crucial for efficient drilling and environmental protection.