Vascular diseases refer to a group of conditions that affect the blood vessels, including arteries and veins. These diseases can lead to problems such as reduced blood flow, blood clots, and even heart attacks. Common types include atherosclerosis, where arteries become narrowed due to plaque buildup, and varicose veins, which occur when veins become enlarged and twisted. Risk factors for vascular diseases include high blood pressure, high cholesterol, smoking, and diabetes. Symptoms may vary depending on the specific condition but can include pain, swelling, and changes in skin color. Early detection and management are crucial for preventing serious complications.