A "varnam" is a fundamental musical composition in Indian classical music, particularly in the Carnatic tradition. It serves as a framework for both vocalists and instrumentalists to explore various ragas (melodic frameworks) and talas (rhythmic cycles). Varnams typically consist of a combination of lyrical phrases and intricate melodic patterns, allowing performers to showcase their technical skills and emotional expression. Varnams are usually structured in two parts: the "pallavi," which introduces the main theme, and the "anupallavi," which elaborates on it. They often include repetitive phrases that help in practicing and mastering the raga. Varnams are essential for students learning Carnatic music, as they provide a foundation for more complex compositions.