A valve train is a crucial component in an internal combustion engine that controls the opening and closing of the engine's valves. These valves allow air and fuel to enter the combustion chamber and enable exhaust gases to exit. The valve train consists of various parts, including camshafts, rocker arms, and pushrods, which work together to ensure precise timing and operation. The design of the valve train can vary between different engine types, such as overhead cam (OHC) and overhead valve (OHV) configurations. Each design has its advantages, affecting engine performance, efficiency, and maintenance. Proper functioning of the valve train is essential for optimal engine operation.