A camshaft is a crucial component in an internal combustion engine, responsible for controlling the opening and closing of the engine's valves. It converts rotational motion into linear motion, allowing the valves to open at the right time during the engine cycle. This timing is essential for optimal engine performance and efficiency. Camshafts are typically made of metal and can be found in various configurations, such as overhead camshafts (OHC) and cam-in-block designs. The design and timing of the camshaft significantly influence the engine's power output, fuel efficiency, and overall performance characteristics.