Understory plants are those that grow beneath the forest canopy, receiving limited sunlight. They thrive in the shaded environment created by taller trees, such as oaks and maples. These plants include various species of shrubs, ferns, and small trees, which play a crucial role in the ecosystem by providing habitat and food for wildlife. These plants are adapted to low light conditions and often have broad leaves to capture as much sunlight as possible. The understory layer is vital for maintaining biodiversity, as it supports various organisms, including insects, birds, and mammals, contributing to the overall health of the forest ecosystem.